# OfferUp Scraper $1💰 Listings, Sellers, Geo & Categories (`abotapi/offerup-scraper`) Actor Scrape OfferUp listings by keyword, location and radius. Returns 40+ fields per item: price, condition, GPS, full photo set, category tree and rich seller profiles (rating, items sold, join date, verification). Search and URL modes, 5 sort orders, price and condition filters. - **URL**: https://apify.com/abotapi/offerup-scraper.md - **Developed by:** [AbotAPI](https://apify.com/abotapi) (community) - **Categories:** E-commerce, Automation, Developer tools - **Stats:** 2 total users, 1 monthly users, 100.0% runs succeeded, 0 bookmarks - **User rating**: No ratings yet ## Pricing from $1.00 / 1,000 listing results This Actor is paid per event. You are not charged for the Apify platform usage, but only a fixed price for specific events. Since this Actor supports Apify Store discounts, the price gets lower the higher subscription plan you have. Learn more: https://docs.apify.com/platform/actors/running/actors-in-store#pay-per-event ## What's an Apify Actor? Actors are a software tools running on the Apify platform, for all kinds of web data extraction and automation use cases. In Batch mode, an Actor accepts a well-defined JSON input, performs an action which can take anything from a few seconds to a few hours, and optionally produces a well-defined JSON output, datasets with results, or files in key-value store. In Standby mode, an Actor provides a web server which can be used as a website, API, or an MCP server. Actors are written with capital "A". ## How to integrate an Actor? If asked about integration, you help developers integrate Actors into their projects. You adapt to their stack and deliver integrations that are safe, well-documented, and production-ready. The best way to integrate Actors is as follows. In JavaScript/TypeScript projects, use official [JavaScript/TypeScript client](https://docs.apify.com/api/client/js.md): ```bash npm install apify-client ``` In Python projects, use official [Python client library](https://docs.apify.com/api/client/python.md): ```bash pip install apify-client ``` In shell scripts, use [Apify CLI](https://docs.apify.com/cli/docs.md): ````bash # MacOS / Linux curl -fsSL https://apify.com/install-cli.sh | bash # Windows irm https://apify.com/install-cli.ps1 | iex ```bash In AI frameworks, you might use the [Apify MCP server](https://docs.apify.com/platform/integrations/mcp.md). If your project is in a different language, use the [REST API](https://docs.apify.com/api/v2.md). For usage examples, see the [API](#api) section below. For more details, see Apify documentation as [Markdown index](https://docs.apify.com/llms.txt) and [Markdown full-text](https://docs.apify.com/llms-full.txt). # README ## OfferUp Scraper Scrape public listings from OfferUp, the largest mobile-first local marketplace in the United States. Give it a keyword and a location, or paste OfferUp URLs, and get clean structured JSON: prices, conditions, photos, GPS coordinates, category trees and full seller profiles. Search and URL modes, five sort orders, and price and condition filters are all built in. ### Why this scraper - Returns 40+ fields per listing, far more than typical OfferUp scrapers (geo coordinates, full photo set, category L1/L2/L3, and a complete seller profile). - Two modes: keyword search with filters, or paste OfferUp search and item URLs directly. - Five native sort orders: best match, newest, closest, price low to high, price high to low. - Price range and multi-condition filtering, applied at the source. - Location by city name, ZIP code, or raw coordinates, with adjustable radius. - Rich seller data: rating, review count, items sold, join date, response time and verification status. - Fast HTTP extraction with automatic connection rotation and retry. ### Data you get > Sample shape: values are illustrative placeholders, not from a live listing. | Field | Example | |---|---| | listingId | `00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000` | | title | `Sample Listing Title` | | price | `799` | | isFirmPrice | `false` | | conditionText | `Used` | | locationName | `Miami, FL` | | url | `https://offerup.com/item/detail/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000` | | imageUrl | `https://images.offerup.com/000000000-254x250.jpg` | | flags | `["LOCAL_PICKUP"]` | | latitude | `25.0000` | | longitude | `-80.0000` | | distanceMiles | `4.9` | | categoryL1Name | `Electronics & Media` | | categoryL2Name | `Cell phones & Accessories` | | description | `Full item description appears here when Fetch full details is on.` | | photos | `[{ "uuid": "0000", "url": "https://images.offerup.com/000-1440x1920.jpg" }]` | | postDate | `2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z` | | localPickupEnabled | `true` | | shippingEnabled | `false` | | sellerName | `Jane Doe` | | sellerRating | `5` | | sellerReviewCount | `89` | | sellerItemsSold | `564` | | sellerDateJoined | `2016-01-01T00:00:00Z` | | sellerResponseTime | `Responds in a few minutes` | | sellerIsTruYou | `true` | ### How to use Search a city with filters: ```json { "mode": "search", "searchQueries": ["iphone 14"], "location": "Miami, FL", "radiusMiles": 30, "priceMin": 200, "priceMax": 600, "condition": ["USED", "REFURBISHED"], "sortBy": "-price", "maxItems": 50, "proxy": { "useApifyProxy": true, "apifyProxyGroups": ["RESIDENTIAL"], "apifyProxyCountry": "US" } } ```` Search multiple keywords with full details: ```json { "mode": "search", "searchQueries": ["mountain bike", "road bike"], "location": "33101", "fetchDetails": true, "maxItems": 40 } ``` Paste OfferUp URLs (search pages and item pages): ```json { "mode": "url", "urls": [ "https://offerup.com/search?q=sofa&radius=20", "https://offerup.com/item/detail/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000" ], "fetchDetails": true } ``` ### Input parameters | Parameter | Type | Default | Description | |---|---|---|---| | mode | string | `search` | `search` (keyword + location) or `url` (paste OfferUp URLs). | | searchQueries | array | `["iphone"]` | Keywords to search (search mode). | | location | string | `Miami, FL` | City, ZIP, or `lat,lon`. Empty searches near the connection location. | | radiusMiles | integer | `50` | Radius in miles around the location (1 to 500). | | priceMin / priceMax | integer | none | Price range in USD. | | condition | array | none | One or more of NEW, OPEN\_BOX, REFURBISHED, USED, BROKEN, OTHER. | | sortBy | string | `best_match` | best\_match, -posted, distance, price, -price. | | urls | array | none | OfferUp search or item URLs (url mode). | | fetchDetails | boolean | `false` | Visit each listing for description, GPS, photos, category and seller profile. | | maxItems | integer | `20` | The single run cap. Set 0 for unlimited. | | maxPages | integer | `100` | Safety bound on pages per query; the run stops at maxItems. | | proxy | object | Residential US | Proxy configuration. | ### Output example > Sample shape: values are illustrative placeholders, not from a live listing. ```json { "listingId": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", "url": "https://offerup.com/item/detail/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", "title": "Sample Listing Title", "price": 799, "isFirmPrice": false, "conditionText": "Used", "conditionCode": 40, "locationName": "Miami, FL", "latitude": 25.0000, "longitude": -80.0000, "distanceMiles": 4.9, "flags": ["LOCAL_PICKUP"], "categoryL1Name": "Electronics & Media", "categoryL2Name": "Cell phones & Accessories", "description": "Full item description appears here when Fetch full details is on.", "photos": [{ "uuid": "0000", "url": "https://images.offerup.com/000-1440x1920.jpg", "width": 1440, "height": 1920 }], "photoCount": 7, "postDate": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "localPickupEnabled": true, "shippingEnabled": false, "sellerName": "Jane Doe", "sellerRating": 5, "sellerReviewCount": 89, "sellerItemsSold": 564, "sellerDateJoined": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z", "sellerResponseTime": "Responds in a few minutes", "sellerIsTruYou": true } ``` ### Send results into your apps (MCP connectors) Optionally pipe results into the apps you already use, through Model Context Protocol (MCP) connectors. Authorize a connector under Apify, Settings, API and Integrations, then select it in the `mcpConnectors` input. For Notion, also set `notionParentPageUrl`. Each item is written as a condensed, human-readable summary (title plus key fields), not the full JSON; the complete record always stays in the Apify dataset. Leave the field empty to skip; it never changes the dataset output. ### Plan requirement OfferUp only serves connections from the United States and blocks non-US and datacenter connections. Use Apify Residential proxy with country US (Starter plan or higher includes Residential proxy access). On a free plan or a non-residential connection, runs will usually return zero items and a notice explaining the upgrade path. # Actor input Schema ## `mode` (type: `string`): How to start the scrape. 'search' builds OfferUp searches from your keywords + location + filters. 'url' walks the OfferUp search or detail URLs you paste (filter fields below are ignored in URL mode). ## `searchQueries` (type: `array`): One or more keywords to search OfferUp for (e.g. 'iphone 14', 'mountain bike', 'sofa'). Each query is scraped independently. ## `location` (type: `string`): Center the search on a place: a US city ('Miami, FL'), a ZIP code ('33101'), or raw coordinates ('25.7617,-80.1918'). Leave empty to search near the connection's location (roughly nationwide). ## `radiusMiles` (type: `integer`): Radius in miles around the location to include listings from. ## `priceMin` (type: `integer`): Only return listings priced at or above this amount. ## `priceMax` (type: `integer`): Only return listings priced at or below this amount. ## `condition` (type: `array`): Filter by item condition. Select one or more. Leave empty for any condition. ## `sortBy` (type: `string`): Order OfferUp returns results in. ## `urls` (type: `array`): Paste OfferUp search URLs (https://offerup.com/search?q=...) or item detail URLs (https://offerup.com/item/detail/). Multi-URL supported. Search URLs page forward automatically; filter-mode fields are ignored. ## `fetchDetails` (type: `boolean`): Visit each listing page to add description, GPS coordinates, full photo set, category tree, fulfillment details and the complete seller profile (rating, items sold, join date, verification). Slower and adds a small per-item charge; leave off for fast basic listings. ## `maxItems` (type: `integer`): The single cap on this run: stop after collecting this many listings (across all queries/URLs). Set 0 for unlimited. ## `maxPages` (type: `integer`): Safety bound on how many result pages to walk per query. Leave at the default; the run stops at Max items, not here. Does not impose a separate cap below Max items. ## `proxy` (type: `object`): OfferUp geo-blocks non-US traffic. Use Apify Residential proxy with country US for reliable results. ## `mcpConnectors` (type: `array`): Optionally send results into the apps you already use, via Model Context Protocol (MCP) connectors. Authorize one under Apify → Settings → API & Integrations, then select it here. Notion gets a rich page-per-item export; other connectors get a best-effort write/digest. Leave empty to skip; never changes the dataset output. Supported: Notion (https://mcp.notion.com/mcp), Linear (https://mcp.linear.app/sse), Airtable (https://mcp.airtable.com/mcp), Apify (https://mcp.apify.com). ## `notionParentPageUrl` (type: `string`): URL (or id) of the Notion page under which item pages are created. Required to enable the Notion export; ignored by other connectors. ## `maxNotifyListings` (type: `integer`): Cap on items written to each connector per run. Does not affect the dataset. ## Actor input object example ```json { "mode": "search", "searchQueries": [ "iphone" ], "location": "Miami, FL", "radiusMiles": 50, "sortBy": "best_match", "urls": [ "https://offerup.com/search?q=sofa&radius=20" ], "fetchDetails": false, "maxItems": 20, "maxPages": 100, "proxy": { "useApifyProxy": true, "apifyProxyGroups": [ "RESIDENTIAL" ], "apifyProxyCountry": "US" }, "maxNotifyListings": 50 } ``` # Actor output Schema ## `overview` (type: `string`): No description # API You can run this Actor programmatically using our API. Below are code examples in JavaScript, Python, and CLI, as well as the OpenAPI specification and MCP server setup. ## JavaScript example ```javascript import { ApifyClient } from 'apify-client'; // Initialize the ApifyClient with your Apify API token // Replace the '' with your token const client = new ApifyClient({ token: '', }); // Prepare Actor input const input = { "searchQueries": [ "iphone" ], "location": "Miami, FL", "radiusMiles": 50, "urls": [ "https://offerup.com/search?q=sofa&radius=20" ], "maxItems": 20, "maxPages": 100, "proxy": { "useApifyProxy": true, "apifyProxyGroups": [ "RESIDENTIAL" ], "apifyProxyCountry": "US" } }; // Run the Actor and wait for it to finish const run = await client.actor("abotapi/offerup-scraper").call(input); // Fetch and print Actor results from the run's dataset (if any) console.log('Results from dataset'); console.log(`💾 Check your data here: https://console.apify.com/storage/datasets/${run.defaultDatasetId}`); const { items } = await client.dataset(run.defaultDatasetId).listItems(); items.forEach((item) => { console.dir(item); }); // 📚 Want to learn more 📖? Go to → https://docs.apify.com/api/client/js/docs ``` ## Python example ```python from apify_client import ApifyClient # Initialize the ApifyClient with your Apify API token # Replace '' with your token. client = ApifyClient("") # Prepare the Actor input run_input = { "searchQueries": ["iphone"], "location": "Miami, FL", "radiusMiles": 50, "urls": ["https://offerup.com/search?q=sofa&radius=20"], "maxItems": 20, "maxPages": 100, "proxy": { "useApifyProxy": True, "apifyProxyGroups": ["RESIDENTIAL"], "apifyProxyCountry": "US", }, } # Run the Actor and wait for it to finish run = client.actor("abotapi/offerup-scraper").call(run_input=run_input) # Fetch and print Actor results from the run's dataset (if there are any) print("💾 Check your data here: https://console.apify.com/storage/datasets/" + run["defaultDatasetId"]) for item in client.dataset(run["defaultDatasetId"]).iterate_items(): print(item) # 📚 Want to learn more 📖? Go to → https://docs.apify.com/api/client/python/docs/quick-start ``` ## CLI example ```bash echo '{ "searchQueries": [ "iphone" ], "location": "Miami, FL", "radiusMiles": 50, "urls": [ "https://offerup.com/search?q=sofa&radius=20" ], "maxItems": 20, "maxPages": 100, "proxy": { "useApifyProxy": true, "apifyProxyGroups": [ "RESIDENTIAL" ], "apifyProxyCountry": "US" } }' | apify call abotapi/offerup-scraper --silent --output-dataset ``` ## MCP server setup ```json { "mcpServers": { "apify": { "command": "npx", "args": [ "mcp-remote", "https://mcp.apify.com/?tools=abotapi/offerup-scraper", "--header", "Authorization: Bearer " ] } } } ``` ## OpenAPI specification ```json { "openapi": "3.0.1", "info": { "title": "OfferUp Scraper $1💰 Listings, Sellers, Geo & Categories", "description": "Scrape OfferUp listings by keyword, location and radius. Returns 40+ fields per item: price, condition, GPS, full photo set, category tree and rich seller profiles (rating, items sold, join date, verification). Search and URL modes, 5 sort orders, price and condition filters.", "version": "1.0", "x-build-id": "IlS9jZcr8GlqlgUgc" }, "servers": [ { "url": "https://api.apify.com/v2" } ], "paths": { "/acts/abotapi~offerup-scraper/run-sync-get-dataset-items": { "post": { "operationId": "run-sync-get-dataset-items-abotapi-offerup-scraper", "x-openai-isConsequential": false, "summary": "Executes an Actor, waits for its completion, and returns Actor's dataset items in response.", "tags": [ "Run Actor" ], "requestBody": { "required": true, "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/inputSchema" } } } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "token", "in": "query", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Enter your Apify token here" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "OK" } } } }, "/acts/abotapi~offerup-scraper/runs": { "post": { "operationId": "runs-sync-abotapi-offerup-scraper", "x-openai-isConsequential": false, "summary": "Executes an Actor and returns information about the initiated run in response.", "tags": [ "Run Actor" ], "requestBody": { "required": true, "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/inputSchema" } } } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "token", "in": "query", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Enter your Apify token here" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "OK", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/runsResponseSchema" } } } } } } }, "/acts/abotapi~offerup-scraper/run-sync": { "post": { "operationId": "run-sync-abotapi-offerup-scraper", "x-openai-isConsequential": false, "summary": "Executes an Actor, waits for completion, and returns the OUTPUT from Key-value store in response.", "tags": [ "Run Actor" ], "requestBody": { "required": true, "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/inputSchema" } } } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "token", "in": "query", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Enter your Apify token here" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "OK" } } } } }, "components": { "schemas": { "inputSchema": { "type": "object", "required": [ "mode" ], "properties": { "mode": { "title": "Mode", "enum": [ "search", "url" ], "type": "string", "description": "How to start the scrape. 'search' builds OfferUp searches from your keywords + location + filters. 'url' walks the OfferUp search or detail URLs you paste (filter fields below are ignored in URL mode).", "default": "search" }, "searchQueries": { "title": "Search queries", "type": "array", "description": "One or more keywords to search OfferUp for (e.g. 'iphone 14', 'mountain bike', 'sofa'). Each query is scraped independently.", "default": [ "iphone" ], "items": { "type": "string" } }, "location": { "title": "Location (city, ZIP or 'lat,lon')", "type": "string", "description": "Center the search on a place: a US city ('Miami, FL'), a ZIP code ('33101'), or raw coordinates ('25.7617,-80.1918'). Leave empty to search near the connection's location (roughly nationwide)." }, "radiusMiles": { "title": "Search radius (miles)", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 500, "type": "integer", "description": "Radius in miles around the location to include listings from.", "default": 50 }, "priceMin": { "title": "Minimum price (USD)", "minimum": 0, "type": "integer", "description": "Only return listings priced at or above this amount." }, "priceMax": { "title": "Maximum price (USD)", "minimum": 0, "type": "integer", "description": "Only return listings priced at or below this amount." }, "condition": { "title": "Condition", "uniqueItems": true, "type": "array", "description": "Filter by item condition. Select one or more. Leave empty for any condition.", "items": { "type": "string", "enum": [ "NEW", "OPEN_BOX", "REFURBISHED", "USED", "BROKEN", "OTHER" ], "enumTitles": [ "New", "Open box", "Reconditioned", "Used", "For parts", "Other" ] } }, "sortBy": { "title": "Sort by", "enum": [ "best_match", "-posted", "distance", "price", "-price" ], "type": "string", "description": "Order OfferUp returns results in.", "default": "best_match" }, "urls": { "title": "OfferUp URLs", "type": "array", "description": "Paste OfferUp search URLs (https://offerup.com/search?q=...) or item detail URLs (https://offerup.com/item/detail/). Multi-URL supported. Search URLs page forward automatically; filter-mode fields are ignored.", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "fetchDetails": { "title": "Fetch full details", "type": "boolean", "description": "Visit each listing page to add description, GPS coordinates, full photo set, category tree, fulfillment details and the complete seller profile (rating, items sold, join date, verification). Slower and adds a small per-item charge; leave off for fast basic listings.", "default": false }, "maxItems": { "title": "Max items", "minimum": 0, "type": "integer", "description": "The single cap on this run: stop after collecting this many listings (across all queries/URLs). Set 0 for unlimited.", "default": 20 }, "maxPages": { "title": "Max pages per query", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 100, "type": "integer", "description": "Safety bound on how many result pages to walk per query. Leave at the default; the run stops at Max items, not here. Does not impose a separate cap below Max items.", "default": 100 }, "proxy": { "title": "Proxy configuration", "type": "object", "description": "OfferUp geo-blocks non-US traffic. Use Apify Residential proxy with country US for reliable results.", "default": { "useApifyProxy": true, "apifyProxyGroups": [ "RESIDENTIAL" ], "apifyProxyCountry": "US" } }, "mcpConnectors": { "title": "Pipe results into your apps (optional)", "type": "array", "description": "Optionally send results into the apps you already use, via Model Context Protocol (MCP) connectors. Authorize one under Apify → Settings → API & Integrations, then select it here. Notion gets a rich page-per-item export; other connectors get a best-effort write/digest. Leave empty to skip; never changes the dataset output. Supported: Notion (https://mcp.notion.com/mcp), Linear (https://mcp.linear.app/sse), Airtable (https://mcp.airtable.com/mcp), Apify (https://mcp.apify.com)." }, "notionParentPageUrl": { "title": "Notion parent page (Notion connector only)", "type": "string", "description": "URL (or id) of the Notion page under which item pages are created. Required to enable the Notion export; ignored by other connectors." }, "maxNotifyListings": { "title": "Max items to export per connector", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 1000, "type": "integer", "description": "Cap on items written to each connector per run. Does not affect the dataset.", "default": 50 } } }, "runsResponseSchema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "data": { "type": "object", "properties": { "id": { "type": "string" }, "actId": { "type": "string" }, "userId": { "type": "string" }, "startedAt": { "type": "string", "format": "date-time", "example": "2025-01-08T00:00:00.000Z" }, "finishedAt": { "type": "string", "format": "date-time", "example": "2025-01-08T00:00:00.000Z" }, "status": { "type": "string", "example": "READY" }, "meta": { "type": "object", "properties": { "origin": { "type": "string", "example": "API" }, "userAgent": { "type": "string" } } }, "stats": { "type": "object", "properties": { "inputBodyLen": { "type": "integer", "example": 2000 }, "rebootCount": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "restartCount": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "resurrectCount": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "computeUnits": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 } } }, "options": { "type": "object", "properties": { "build": { "type": "string", "example": "latest" }, "timeoutSecs": { "type": "integer", "example": 300 }, "memoryMbytes": { "type": "integer", "example": 1024 }, "diskMbytes": { "type": "integer", "example": 2048 } } }, "buildId": { "type": "string" }, "defaultKeyValueStoreId": { "type": "string" }, "defaultDatasetId": { "type": "string" }, "defaultRequestQueueId": { "type": "string" }, "buildNumber": { "type": "string", "example": "1.0.0" }, "containerUrl": { "type": "string" }, "usage": { "type": "object", "properties": { "ACTOR_COMPUTE_UNITS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATASET_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATASET_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 1 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_LISTS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "REQUEST_QUEUE_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "REQUEST_QUEUE_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATA_TRANSFER_INTERNAL_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATA_TRANSFER_EXTERNAL_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "PROXY_RESIDENTIAL_TRANSFER_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "PROXY_SERPS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 } } }, "usageTotalUsd": { "type": "number", "example": 0.00005 }, "usageUsd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "ACTOR_COMPUTE_UNITS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATASET_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATASET_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_WRITES": { "type": "number", "example": 0.00005 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_LISTS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "REQUEST_QUEUE_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "REQUEST_QUEUE_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATA_TRANSFER_INTERNAL_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATA_TRANSFER_EXTERNAL_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "PROXY_RESIDENTIAL_TRANSFER_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "PROXY_SERPS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 } } } } } } } } } } ```