# Zara Product Details Scraper (`automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper`) Actor πŸ›οΈ Turn Zara URLs or references into current prices, discounts, color and size stock, SKUs, materials, promotion dates, and image URLs. - **URL**: https://apify.com/automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper.md - **Developed by:** [Stas Persiianenko](https://apify.com/automation-lab) (community) - **Categories:** E-commerce, Automation - **Stats:** 2 total users, 1 monthly users, 100.0% runs succeeded, 0 bookmarks - **User rating**: No ratings yet ## Pricing Pay per event + usage This Actor is paid per event and usage. You are charged both the fixed price for specific events and for Apify platform usage. Since this Actor supports Apify Store discounts, the price gets lower the higher subscription plan you have. Learn more: https://docs.apify.com/platform/actors/running/actors-in-store#pay-per-event ## What's an Apify Actor? Actors are web data automations that power AI and operations. They run on the Apify platform to scrape websites, process data, connect APIs, and automate workflows. In Batch mode, an Actor accepts a well-defined JSON input, performs an action which can take anything from a few seconds to a few hours, and optionally produces a well-defined JSON output, datasets with results, or files in key-value store. In Standby mode, an Actor provides a web server which can be used as a website, API, or an MCP server. Actors are written with capital "A". ## How to integrate an Actor? If asked about integration, you help developers integrate Actors into their projects. You adapt to their stack and deliver integrations that are safe, well-documented, and production-ready. The best way to integrate Actors is as follows. In JavaScript/TypeScript projects, use official [JavaScript/TypeScript client](https://docs.apify.com/api/client/js/docs.md): ```bash npm install apify-client ``` In Python projects, use official [Python client library](https://docs.apify.com/api/client/python/docs.md): ```bash pip install apify-client ``` In shell scripts, use [Apify CLI](https://docs.apify.com/cli/docs.md): ````bash # MacOS / Linux curl -fsSL https://apify.com/install-cli.sh | bash # Windows irm https://apify.com/install-cli.ps1 | iex ```bash In AI frameworks, you might use the [Apify MCP server](https://docs.apify.com/integrations/mcp.md). If your project is in a different language, use the [REST API](https://docs.apify.com/api/v2.md). For usage examples, see the [API](#api) section below. For more details, see Apify documentation as [Markdown index](https://docs.apify.com/llms.txt) and [Markdown full-text](https://docs.apify.com/llms-full.txt). # README ## Zara Product Details Scraper Extract live Zara product prices, discounts, colors, size-level availability, SKUs, materials, promotion dates, and images from product URLs or references. This API-first Apify Actor turns a Zara watchlist into structured, export-ready catalog records. It uses Zara's public catalog surface, requires no login, and supports market-specific price and stock checks. - πŸ›οΈ Accept product page URLs or references such as `02893049` - πŸ’΅ Capture current price, old price, currency, and discount - πŸ“¦ Preserve each color, size, SKU, reference, and availability state - 🧡 Extract descriptions and material composition - πŸ–ΌοΈ Return high-resolution Zara image URLs - 🌍 Select a Zara country market and supported language - ⏱️ Schedule recurring price and inventory snapshots ### What does Zara Product Details Scraper do? The Actor resolves every supplied product to Zara's local catalog and saves one complete product record to the default dataset. It is designed for deterministic product-detail extractionβ€”not broad category crawling. Give it the exact products you care about, choose a market, and receive a current snapshot suitable for monitoring, enrichment, or analysis. The output includes product identity, taxonomy, commerce data, variant stock, composition, promotion windows, images, and extraction time. ### Who is it for? #### Fashion retailers Track competing Zara prices, markdowns, colors, and size availability for comparable assortments. #### Resale and catalog teams Enrich internal product records with names, references, images, materials, SKUs, and stock state. #### Price-intelligence vendors Schedule recurring snapshots and load normalized numeric price fields into a warehouse or dashboard. #### Ecommerce analysts Study discount timing, product availability, assortment changes, and market-specific currency values. #### Developers and automation teams Call the Actor through the Apify API, webhooks, integrations, or MCP without maintaining Zara extraction code. ### Why use this Zara product extractor? - βœ… **Structured first-party data** β€” avoids brittle visual page parsing. - βœ… **No account required** β€” the supported v1 workflow is anonymous. - βœ… **Market aware** β€” resolves the Zara store and language dynamically. - βœ… **Variant detail** β€” keeps color, size, SKU, reference, and availability together. - βœ… **Typed prices** β€” emits numeric values with Zara's currency exponent applied. - βœ… **Failure visibility** β€” a total extraction failure makes the run fail instead of returning a misleading empty success. - βœ… **Apify ready** β€” export to JSON, CSV, Excel, XML, RSS, or connect downstream automations. ### What Zara data can you extract? | Field | Description | |---|---| | `productId` | Zara's internal product ID | | `reference` | Full seasonal product reference | | `displayReference` | Human-readable Zara reference | | `name` | Localized product name | | `productUrl` | Reconstructed market-specific product URL | | `section` | Zara section, such as WOMAN | | `family` / `subfamily` | Catalog classification | | `colorNames` / `colorIds` | Available color records | | `currentPrice` | Current numeric selling price | | `oldPrice` | Previous numeric price when discounted | | `currency` | ISO currency code, such as USD | | `discountPercent` | Current percentage discount | | `availability` | Product-level in-stock or out-of-stock summary | | `availableSizes` | Sizes currently available | | `unavailableSizes` | Sizes currently unavailable | | `variantsJson` | Lossless color-size-SKU availability records | | `description` | Zara product description | | `composition` | Material percentages by garment part | | `promotionStart` / `promotionEnd` | Promotion window when supplied by Zara | | `imageUrls` | High-resolution product image URLs | | `scrapedAt` | UTC extraction timestamp | ### How much does it cost to scrape Zara product details? The Actor uses pay-per-event pricing: a small **$0.005 start fee** plus a tiered product charge. The current BRONZE product price is **$0.00043439 per extracted product**, with lower unit prices on higher Apify plans. A run extracting 10 products costs approximately $0.00934 at the BRONZE rate. A single-product free-plan test remains inexpensive. You are charged for successfully saved products, not invalid or unavailable references that are skipped. ### How to scrape Zara products 1. Open the Actor in Apify Console. 2. Paste one or more Zara product URLs or references. 3. Select the two-letter Zara market, for example `US`. 4. Keep the language as `en` or choose another market-supported code. 5. Set the maximum product safety limit. 6. Click **Start**. 7. Open the dataset to preview, filter, or export the records. ### Input parameters #### `productUrls` A list of Zara product page URLs. Each URL must include its reference in a segment such as `p02893049`. #### `productReferences` A list of 7- or 8-digit references. Common formats such as `02893049` and `2893/049` are accepted. #### `countryCode` A two-letter country code used to select the local Zara store, prices, currency, promotion, and stock. Default: `US`. #### `languageCode` A language supported by the selected Zara market. Default: `en`. #### `maxProducts` A safety cap between 1 and 500. Duplicate references count once. Default: 25. ### Input example: one Zara URL ```json { "productUrls": [ "https://www.zara.com/us/en/long-knit-dress-p02893049.html" ], "countryCode": "US", "languageCode": "en", "maxProducts": 1 } ```` ### Input example: product references ```json { "productReferences": [ "02893049", "2893/049" ], "countryCode": "US", "languageCode": "en", "maxProducts": 10 } ``` References are normalized and deduplicated before requests are sent. ### Output example ```json { "productId": 523713868, "reference": "02893049-V2026", "displayReference": "2893/049", "name": "LONG KNIT DRESS", "section": "WOMAN", "family": "VESTIDO", "colorNames": ["Dark navy"], "currentPrice": 19.98, "oldPrice": 99.9, "currency": "USD", "discountPercent": 80, "availability": "out_of_stock", "availableSizes": [], "unavailableSizes": ["S", "M", "L"], "composition": "OUTER SHELL: cotton 51%, polyamide 46%, elastane 3%", "scrapedAt": "2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z" } ``` `variantsJson` contains a JSON-encoded array with each color, size, SKU, seasonal reference, availability state, current price, and old price. ### Product monitoring workflow Create an Apify Schedule that runs daily or hourly with the same reference list. Send the resulting dataset to a webhook, Make, Zapier, Google Sheets, or your data warehouse. Compare `currentPrice`, `discountPercent`, `availability`, and `availableSizes` against the previous snapshot to detect changes. Use `reference` or `productId` as the stable join key and `scrapedAt` as the observation time. ### Tips for reliable results - 🎯 Prefer exact product URLs or references from your catalog. - 🌍 Use the same market your customers shop in; price and stock differ by country. - πŸ—£οΈ Choose a language supported by that market. - πŸ“‰ Keep initial tests to one product before loading a large watchlist. - πŸ” Schedule conservative recurring runs rather than repeatedly polling every minute. - 🧾 Store the full `variantsJson` value if size-level changes matter. - πŸ—“οΈ Treat promotion dates as source-provided metadata, not a guarantee that stock remains available. ### Limits and known behavior V1 does not discover products from category pages or search queries. A product removed from a selected market may be skipped even if it exists in another market. Zara can change its undocumented catalog endpoint, mobile headers, field names, or product availability without notice. The Actor retries bounded transient failures. It does not retry indefinitely or return unrelated products as a fallback. Some products do not expose old prices, discounts, composition, promotions, or every image type. Optional fields are omitted when Zara does not supply them. ### Integrations #### Google Sheets inventory watchlist Schedule a run, export the latest dataset to Google Sheets, and use conditional formatting for out-of-stock sizes or new discounts. #### Slack or email sale alerts Trigger a webhook when `discountPercent` crosses a threshold and send the product URL, old price, and current price to a team channel. #### Data warehouse snapshots Load each scheduled dataset into BigQuery, Snowflake, or PostgreSQL and partition by `scrapedAt` for historical trend analysis. #### Catalog enrichment Join on the Zara reference to fill missing descriptions, material composition, product imagery, and size SKUs in a PIM system. #### Make and Zapier Use the Apify integrations to run the Actor from a workflow and pass output records to CRM, spreadsheet, or notification steps. ### JavaScript API example ```javascript import { ApifyClient } from 'apify-client'; const client = new ApifyClient({ token: process.env.APIFY_TOKEN }); const run = await client.actor('automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper').call({ productReferences: ['02893049'], countryCode: 'US', languageCode: 'en', maxProducts: 1, }); const { items } = await client.dataset(run.defaultDatasetId).listItems(); console.log(items); ``` ### Python API example ```python from apify_client import ApifyClient import os client = ApifyClient(os.environ['APIFY_TOKEN']) run = client.actor('automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper').call(run_input={ 'productReferences': ['02893049'], 'countryCode': 'US', 'languageCode': 'en', 'maxProducts': 1, }) items = client.dataset(run['defaultDatasetId']).list_items().items print(items) ``` ### cURL API example ```bash curl -X POST \ "https://api.apify.com/v2/acts/automation-lab~zara-product-details-scraper/runs?token=$APIFY_TOKEN" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{ "productReferences": ["02893049"], "countryCode": "US", "languageCode": "en", "maxProducts": 1 }' ``` ### Use Zara Product Details Scraper with MCP Connect the Actor to AI clients through Apify's Model Context Protocol server. #### Claude Code ```bash claude mcp add --transport http apify "https://mcp.apify.com?tools=automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper" ``` #### Claude Desktop, Cursor, or VS Code ```json { "mcpServers": { "apify": { "url": "https://mcp.apify.com?tools=automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper" } } } ``` Example prompts: - β€œExtract the current US price and available sizes for Zara reference 02893049.” - β€œCheck these Zara URLs and summarize every discounted product.” - β€œReturn the SKU and availability of every size for this Zara product.” ### Data quality and validation Prices are converted from Zara's integer minor-unit values using the currency exponent returned by the source. The Actor validates that product identity and color data exist before saving a record. Duplicate inputs are collapsed by normalized display reference. A run fails when no input can be extracted, preventing an empty dataset from looking like a valid monitoring snapshot. ### Is scraping Zara legal? This Actor extracts publicly accessible product catalog information and does not bypass login controls. You are responsible for your use of the data. Review Zara's terms, applicable database and copyright rules, rate limits, privacy laws, and the laws in your jurisdiction. Do not use the Actor to overload Zara, impersonate users, collect personal information, or make decisions that violate applicable law. When in doubt, seek legal advice for your specific workflow. ### Troubleshooting #### Why was my reference skipped? Confirm that it contains 7 or 8 digits and that the product exists in the selected country market. A product can be available in one market and removed from another. #### Why did the run fail with no products extracted? Every supplied product failed validation or retrieval. Check the logs for each input, verify the market code, and test one current Zara URL. #### Why is the currency different from the page I opened? The `countryCode` controls the catalog. Set it to the same country market as the page you are comparing. #### Why is a size listed as unavailable? Availability is a current source snapshot. Zara may update it after the run, and store inventory can differ from online inventory. ### FAQ #### Does it require Zara login credentials? No. The supported URL/reference workflow uses anonymous catalog data. #### Can it scrape Zara category or search pages? Not in v1. Category and search discovery are intentionally out of scope until a reliable route is independently proven. #### Can I mix URLs and references? Yes. Supply both lists. Duplicate normalized references produce one output record. #### Does it support countries outside the US? Yes, when Zara lists the country as an open market and the selected language is supported there. #### Are prices strings or numbers? They are numbers. Currency is emitted separately as an ISO code. #### How do I inspect individual size SKUs? Parse the `variantsJson` field. Each entry includes color, size, SKU, seasonal reference, availability, current price, and old price. ### Related ecommerce scrapers - [Home Depot Product Scraper](https://apify.com/automation-lab/home-depot-product-scraper) - [Taobao & Tmall Product Details Scraper](https://apify.com/automation-lab/taobao-tmall-product-details-scraper) - [TCGplayer Product Price Scraper](https://apify.com/automation-lab/tcgplayer-product-price-scraper) - [Storenvy Store Products Scraper](https://apify.com/automation-lab/storenvy-store-products-scraper) Use these related Actors when your workflow targets those marketplaces. Use Zara Product Details Scraper for exact Zara URL and reference lookups. ### Support If a current Zara URL fails, open an Actor issue with the URL, market, language, run ID, and expected result. Do not include private credentials or confidential catalog data in public issue reports. ### Changelog See the Actor changelog for curated release notes and user-visible changes. # Actor input Schema ## `productUrls` (type: `array`): Paste Zara product page URLs. URLs must contain a product reference such as p02893049. ## `productReferences` (type: `array`): Enter 7- or 8-digit Zara product references, such as 02893049 or 2893/049. ## `countryCode` (type: `string`): Two-letter country code used to select Zara's local catalog, prices, currency, and stock. ## `languageCode` (type: `string`): Language code supported by the selected Zara market, for example en, es, fr, or de. ## `maxProducts` (type: `integer`): Stop after this many unique product references. Keep test runs small. ## Actor input object example ```json { "productUrls": [ "https://www.zara.com/us/en/long-knit-dress-p02893049.html" ], "productReferences": [], "countryCode": "US", "languageCode": "en", "maxProducts": 1 } ``` # Actor output Schema ## `overview` (type: `string`): API URL for product records in the overview dataset view. # API You can run this Actor programmatically using our API. Below are code examples in JavaScript, Python, and CLI, as well as the OpenAPI specification and MCP server setup. ## JavaScript example ```javascript import { ApifyClient } from 'apify-client'; // Initialize the ApifyClient with your Apify API token // Replace the '' with your token const client = new ApifyClient({ token: '', }); // Prepare Actor input const input = { "productUrls": [ "https://www.zara.com/us/en/long-knit-dress-p02893049.html" ], "productReferences": [], "countryCode": "US", "languageCode": "en", "maxProducts": 1 }; // Run the Actor and wait for it to finish const run = await client.actor("automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper").call(input); // Fetch and print Actor results from the run's dataset (if any) console.log('Results from dataset'); console.log(`πŸ’Ύ Check your data here: https://console.apify.com/storage/datasets/${run.defaultDatasetId}`); const { items } = await client.dataset(run.defaultDatasetId).listItems(); items.forEach((item) => { console.dir(item); }); // πŸ“š Want to learn more πŸ“–? Go to β†’ https://docs.apify.com/api/client/js/docs ``` ## Python example ```python from apify_client import ApifyClient # Initialize the ApifyClient with your Apify API token # Replace '' with your token. client = ApifyClient("") # Prepare the Actor input run_input = { "productUrls": ["https://www.zara.com/us/en/long-knit-dress-p02893049.html"], "productReferences": [], "countryCode": "US", "languageCode": "en", "maxProducts": 1, } # Run the Actor and wait for it to finish run = client.actor("automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper").call(run_input=run_input) # Fetch and print Actor results from the run's dataset (if there are any) print("πŸ’Ύ Check your data here: https://console.apify.com/storage/datasets/" + run["defaultDatasetId"]) for item in client.dataset(run["defaultDatasetId"]).iterate_items(): print(item) # πŸ“š Want to learn more πŸ“–? Go to β†’ https://docs.apify.com/api/client/python/docs/quick-start ``` ## CLI example ```bash echo '{ "productUrls": [ "https://www.zara.com/us/en/long-knit-dress-p02893049.html" ], "productReferences": [], "countryCode": "US", "languageCode": "en", "maxProducts": 1 }' | apify call automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper --silent --output-dataset ``` ## MCP server setup ```json { "mcpServers": { "apify": { "command": "npx", "args": [ "mcp-remote", "https://mcp.apify.com/?tools=automation-lab/zara-product-details-scraper", "--header", "Authorization: Bearer " ] } } } ``` ## OpenAPI specification ```json { "openapi": "3.0.1", "info": { "title": "Zara Product Details Scraper", "description": "πŸ›οΈ Turn Zara URLs or references into current prices, discounts, color and size stock, SKUs, materials, promotion dates, and image URLs.", "version": "0.1", "x-build-id": "oLiKtDffMMV4CpBxQ" }, "servers": [ { "url": "https://api.apify.com/v2" } ], "paths": { "/acts/automation-lab~zara-product-details-scraper/run-sync-get-dataset-items": { "post": { "operationId": "run-sync-get-dataset-items-automation-lab-zara-product-details-scraper", "x-openai-isConsequential": false, "summary": "Executes an Actor, waits for its completion, and returns Actor's dataset items in response.", "tags": [ "Run Actor" ], "requestBody": { "required": true, "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/inputSchema" } } } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "token", "in": "query", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Enter your Apify token here" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "OK" } } } }, "/acts/automation-lab~zara-product-details-scraper/runs": { "post": { "operationId": "runs-sync-automation-lab-zara-product-details-scraper", "x-openai-isConsequential": false, "summary": "Executes an Actor and returns information about the initiated run in response.", "tags": [ "Run Actor" ], "requestBody": { "required": true, "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/inputSchema" } } } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "token", "in": "query", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Enter your Apify token here" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "OK", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/runsResponseSchema" } } } } } } }, "/acts/automation-lab~zara-product-details-scraper/run-sync": { "post": { "operationId": "run-sync-automation-lab-zara-product-details-scraper", "x-openai-isConsequential": false, "summary": "Executes an Actor, waits for completion, and returns the OUTPUT from Key-value store in response.", "tags": [ "Run Actor" ], "requestBody": { "required": true, "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "$ref": "#/components/schemas/inputSchema" } } } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "token", "in": "query", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "description": "Enter your Apify token here" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "OK" } } } } }, "components": { "schemas": { "inputSchema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "productUrls": { "title": "πŸ›οΈ Zara product URLs", "type": "array", "description": "Paste Zara product page URLs. URLs must contain a product reference such as p02893049.", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "productReferences": { "title": "πŸ”’ Product references", "type": "array", "description": "Enter 7- or 8-digit Zara product references, such as 02893049 or 2893/049.", "default": [], "items": { "type": "string" } }, "countryCode": { "title": "🌍 Zara market", "minLength": 2, "maxLength": 2, "type": "string", "description": "Two-letter country code used to select Zara's local catalog, prices, currency, and stock.", "default": "US" }, "languageCode": { "title": "Language", "minLength": 2, "maxLength": 5, "type": "string", "description": "Language code supported by the selected Zara market, for example en, es, fr, or de.", "default": "en" }, "maxProducts": { "title": "Maximum products", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 500, "type": "integer", "description": "Stop after this many unique product references. Keep test runs small.", "default": 25 } } }, "runsResponseSchema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "data": { "type": "object", "properties": { "id": { "type": "string" }, "actId": { "type": "string" }, "userId": { "type": "string" }, "startedAt": { "type": "string", "format": "date-time", "example": "2025-01-08T00:00:00.000Z" }, "finishedAt": { "type": "string", "format": "date-time", "example": "2025-01-08T00:00:00.000Z" }, "status": { "type": "string", "example": "READY" }, "meta": { "type": "object", "properties": { "origin": { "type": "string", "example": "API" }, "userAgent": { "type": "string" } } }, "stats": { "type": "object", "properties": { "inputBodyLen": { "type": "integer", "example": 2000 }, "rebootCount": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "restartCount": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "resurrectCount": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "computeUnits": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 } } }, "options": { "type": "object", "properties": { "build": { "type": "string", "example": "latest" }, "timeoutSecs": { "type": "integer", "example": 300 }, "memoryMbytes": { "type": "integer", "example": 1024 }, "diskMbytes": { "type": "integer", "example": 2048 } } }, "buildId": { "type": "string" }, "defaultKeyValueStoreId": { "type": "string" }, "defaultDatasetId": { "type": "string" }, "defaultRequestQueueId": { "type": "string" }, "buildNumber": { "type": "string", "example": "1.0.0" }, "containerUrl": { "type": "string" }, "usage": { "type": "object", "properties": { "ACTOR_COMPUTE_UNITS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATASET_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATASET_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 1 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_LISTS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "REQUEST_QUEUE_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "REQUEST_QUEUE_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATA_TRANSFER_INTERNAL_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATA_TRANSFER_EXTERNAL_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "PROXY_RESIDENTIAL_TRANSFER_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "PROXY_SERPS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 } } }, "usageTotalUsd": { "type": "number", "example": 0.00005 }, "usageUsd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "ACTOR_COMPUTE_UNITS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATASET_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATASET_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_WRITES": { "type": "number", "example": 0.00005 }, "KEY_VALUE_STORE_LISTS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "REQUEST_QUEUE_READS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "REQUEST_QUEUE_WRITES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATA_TRANSFER_INTERNAL_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "DATA_TRANSFER_EXTERNAL_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "PROXY_RESIDENTIAL_TRANSFER_GBYTES": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 }, "PROXY_SERPS": { "type": "integer", "example": 0 } } } } } } } } } } ```