EIA Energy Data — Natural Gas, Crude Oil & Electricity

EIA Energy Data — Natural Gas, Crude Oil, Petroleum & Electricity

Fetch US energy market data from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) — the authoritative source for US energy statistics. Track weekly natural gas storage (the Thursday 10:30 AM release that moves gas futures ±5%), crude oil and petroleum inventories (the Wednesday release that moves WTI and Brent), Cushing stocks, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, refinery runs, gasoline and distillate inventories, retail fuel prices, and monthly electricity generation by source. A free EIA API key is required.

EIA data releases are among the most predictable, highest-impact market events in commodity trading. Natural gas storage surprises routinely move NYMEX Henry Hub futures 3-7% within minutes of release. Crude oil inventory data drives WTI and Brent, jet fuel prices, and energy equity prices globally.

Built-In Series

Key	Description	Frequency	Release
natgas_storage	Natural Gas in Underground Storage (Lower 48)	Weekly	Thursday 10:30 AM ET
crude_stocks	US Crude Oil Stocks (ex Strategic Reserve)	Weekly	Wednesday 10:30 AM ET
crude_production	US Crude Oil Field Production	Weekly	Wednesday
cushing_stocks	Cushing, OK Crude Oil Stocks (WTI delivery)	Weekly	Wednesday
spr_stocks	Strategic Petroleum Reserve Stocks	Weekly	Wednesday
refinery_runs	Gross Inputs to Refineries	Weekly	Wednesday
gasoline_stocks	US Motor Gasoline Stocks	Weekly	Wednesday
distillate_stocks	US Distillate Fuel Oil / Diesel Stocks	Weekly	Wednesday
gasoline_price	US Regular Gasoline Retail Price	Weekly	Monday
natgas_price_henry_hub	Henry Hub Natural Gas Spot Price	Daily	Daily
electricity_gen_total	US Total Electricity Net Generation	Monthly	Monthly
electricity_gen_solar	US Solar Electricity Generation	Monthly	Monthly
electricity_gen_wind	US Wind Electricity Generation	Monthly	Monthly

You can also pass any raw EIA series ID — access 1 million+ series from eia.gov.

Input Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
apiKey	string	required	Free EIA API key
series	array	6 weekly petroleum series	Series keys or raw EIA IDs
numPoints	integer	104	Most recent N observations per series
startDate	string	—	Optional start date (YYYY-MM-DD)
endDate	string	—	Optional end date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Sample Output

{
  "series_key": "natgas_storage",
  "series_id": "NG.NW2_EPG0_SWO_R48_BCF.W",
  "series_name": "Natural Gas Working Gas in Underground Storage (Lower 48 States)",
  "unit": "billion cubic feet",
  "frequency": "weekly",
  "notes": "Thursday 10:30 AM ET release — major price mover",
  "date": "2025-01-10",
  "value": 2985.0
}

{
  "series_key": "cushing_stocks",
  "series_id": "PET.WCSSTUS1.W",
  "series_name": "Cushing, OK Crude Oil Stocks (WTI Delivery Point)",
  "unit": "million barrels",
  "frequency": "weekly",
  "date": "2025-01-08",
  "value": 24.3
}

Why Energy Inventory Data Matters

Natural Gas Storage is the market's primary supply-demand balance indicator. When storage is below the 5-year average, prices rise; above average, prices fall. The weekly change vs. analyst consensus (the "surprise") is what moves prices. A surprise draw of 100 BCF can push Henry Hub up 5% instantly.

Crude Oil Stocks serve the same function for oil markets. When Cushing crude rises, it signals WTI oversupply and prices typically fall. When Cushing drains, WTI strengthens. Energy equity valuations and refinery margins also track inventory closely.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) draws made during supply shocks (COVID, Russia-Ukraine) directly affect market expectations for future supply tightness. The SPR rebuild (after historic 2022 drawdowns) supports crude prices by signaling government buying.

Electricity Generation Mix tracks the energy transition — the growth of solar and wind generation relative to natural gas and coal. This data drives the long-run demand outlook for each fuel.

Use Cases

• Energy futures trading — track storage vs. 5-year average to predict direction of gas/oil prices
• Commodity momentum signals — use weekly inventory changes as a systematic factor
• Energy equity research — inventory levels drive E&P and refinery earnings expectations
• Inflation modeling — gasoline and energy prices are components of CPI; EIA data leads the print
• Clean energy transition tracking — monitor solar, wind, and fossil fuel generation share trends
• Supply chain analysis — distillate stocks affect trucking, diesel-dependent industries
• Algorithm triggers — schedule actor at 10:30 AM ET Wednesday/Thursday for real-time signals

Getting a Free EIA API Key

1. Visit eia.gov/opendata/register.php
2. Register with email — takes 30 seconds
3. Key is delivered instantly

Rate limit: 100,000 requests per hour.

Pricing

Pay-per-event: $0.002 per series fetched — default 6 series = $0.012 per run. Fetch 2 years of weekly data for all 13 built-in series for $0.026.

FAQ

How accurate is the weekly data? EIA conducts mandatory surveys of petroleum refiners, bulk terminal operators, and pipeline operators. Natural gas storage data comes from weekly surveys of underground storage operators. Data quality is high, though revisions occur monthly when the EIA releases its monthly surveys.

What is the difference between working gas and total gas storage? Working gas is gas available for delivery to the market. Base gas (cushion gas) is the minimum volume required to maintain pressure and is not counted in the "storage" figure that markets trade on.

When exactly does data become available? The petroleum report (Weekly Petroleum Status Report, WPSR) releases Wednesday at 10:30 AM ET. Natural gas storage (Natural Gas Weekly Update) releases Thursday at 10:30 AM ET. API data is updated within minutes of official release.

Can I get data back to the 1970s? Yes — EIA has historical petroleum data back to the late 1970s and natural gas data back to the 1990s. Set startDate or increase numPoints to retrieve longer histories.

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Related actors

• Energy Prices Tracker — WTI, Brent, and natural gas spot prices to pair with EIA inventory/supply data
• CFTC COT Tracker — Crude oil and natural gas speculator positioning that reacts to EIA inventory surprises
• FRED Economic Data — EIA production data also available through FRED for integrated macro context

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Keywords: EIA energy data, natural gas storage, crude oil inventory, EIA weekly data, US energy statistics, Cushing inventory, SPR strategic reserve, refinery runs, gasoline stocks, distillate stocks, electricity generation, energy prices, oil market data, EIA API scraper