🌍 Carbon Intensity API v2.0

Real-time and historical electricity carbon intensity (gCO₂eq/kWh), wholesale prices, load, and cross-border flows for 73 countries and grid regions worldwide.

🔓 Zero API keys. Zero registration. Zero tokens. All data sources are public.

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🆕 v2.0 — Expanded coverage (45 → 73 regions)

Region	v1.0	v2.0	Change
Europe (Fraunhofer)	30 countries	35 countries	+5 (Cyprus + Bosnia + Kosovo + Moldova + Georgia)
United States (EIA-930)	10 BAs	34 BAs	+24 (full Western, Southeast, federal admins)
United Kingdom (NESO)	GB	GB	—
Brazil (ONS)	4 submarkets	4 submarkets	—
TOTAL	45	73	+62% coverage

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🇬🇧 English

What this delivers

For each hour and region, all the fields below — calculated, normalized, cross-source:

Field	Description
carbon_intensity_gco2_kwh	gCO₂eq per kWh of electricity
renewable_pct	% wind + solar + hydro + biomass + geothermal
fossil_free_pct	renewable + nuclear
total_generation_mwh	total electricity generated
fossil_only_intensity_gco2_kwh	CI of fossil portion only
generation_mix_mw	per-source breakdown (wind, solar, gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, biomass, oil)
load_mw	total system demand
net_load_mw	load minus variable renewables
day_ahead_price	wholesale spot market price
day_ahead_price_currency	EUR / USD / GBP / BRL
day_ahead_price_zone	bidding zone code
cross_border_flows_mw	list of imports/exports with neighbours

Four calculation methods available (method field):

• production_lifecycle (default) — IPCC AR6 lifecycle factors, domestic generation only
• production_operational — combustion-only factors
• consumption_lifecycle — flow-traced through cross-border imports, lifecycle factors
• consumption_operational — flow-traced, operational factors

Coverage detail

Europe — 35 countries (Fraunhofer Energy-Charts, validated working):

• EU-26: AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK
• Non-EU: CH, NO
• Western Balkans: BA, MK, RS, XK
• Eastern Europe & Caucasus: MD, GE
• UK: GB (via NESO, more granular)

United States — 34 balancing authorities (EIA-930 bulk CSV):

• Major ISOs/RTOs: US-CISO, US-ERCO, US-MISO, US-PJM, US-NYIS, US-ISNE, US-SWPP
• Federal admins: US-BPAT, US-TVA
• Southeast: US-SOCO, US-FPL, US-FPC, US-DUK, US-CPLE, US-SC, US-SCEG, US-AECI
• West: US-PACE, US-PACW, US-PSEI, US-IPCO, US-AZPS, US-NEVP, US-AVA, US-LDWP, US-PSCO, US-PNM, US-WACM, US-WAUW
• Other: US-NW, US-SE, US-TEC, US-JEA, US-TAL

United Kingdom (NESO): GB

Brazil (ONS): BR-SE (Sudeste/CO), BR-S (Sul), BR-NE (Nordeste), BR-N (Norte)

Input

{
  "mode": "latest",
  "hours": 48,
  "method": "production_lifecycle",
  "countries": ["DE", "FR", "GB", "US-CISO", "BR-SE"]
}

Modes:

• latest — last N hours (default 48h)
• today — current UTC day so far
• yesterday — full previous UTC day
• full_refresh — entire history since 2015 (long run)

Optional skip flags: skip_europe, skip_us, skip_uk, skip_brazil

Output (one record per region × hour × method)

{
  "country_code": "DE",
  "country_name": "Germany",
  "region": "europe",
  "source": "fraunhofer",
  "timestamp_utc": "2026-05-13T14:00:00+00:00",
  "method": "production_lifecycle",
  "carbon_intensity_gco2_kwh": 312.4,
  "renewable_pct": 47.2,
  "fossil_free_pct": 52.8,
  "total_generation_mwh": 58420.5,
  "generation_mix_mw": {
    "wind": 16850.2, "solar": 7106.4, "nuclear": 3268.5,
    "gas": 13088.4, "coal": 8358.2, "hydro": 3855.7,
    "biomass": 2400.0, "oil": 290.1
  },
  "load_mw": 60140.0,
  "net_load_mw": 29928.5,
  "day_ahead_price": 86.43,
  "day_ahead_price_currency": "EUR",
  "day_ahead_price_zone": "DE-LU",
  "cross_border_flows_mw": [
    { "counterparty": "FR", "flow_mw": 5200.0, "direction": "import" },
    { "counterparty": "PL", "flow_mw": 1100.0, "direction": "import" },
    { "counterparty": "AT", "flow_mw":  800.0, "direction": "export" }
  ]
}

Methodology

Production-based:

CI_production = Σ(generation_i × emission_factor_i) / Σ(generation_i)

Consumption-based (flow-traced): For interconnected grids, what matters is what you consume, not what you produce. Solved per hour via linear system:

(G_i + IM_i) · x_i = own_emissions_i + Σⱼ(flow_jᵢ × x_j)

Solved with numpy.linalg.solve. Method follows ECON-PowerCI (Nature 2025).

Emission factors (IPCC AR6 WG3, Annex III median values):

Source	Lifecycle (gCO₂eq/kWh)	Operational
Wind	11	0
Solar	48	0
Nuclear	12	0
Hydro	24	0
Biomass	230	90
Gas	490	370
Coal	820	760
Oil	650	580

Use cases

• ESG / Scope 2 carbon accounting — accurate hourly CI for corporate reporting
• Climate tech & green software — schedule loads when grid is cleanest
• AI infrastructure planning — pick datacenter regions by real-time grid quality
• Energy trading — backtesting and signal generation
• Academic research — replicable, IPCC-aligned dataset

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🇧🇷 Português

O que é

API de intensidade de carbono elétrica (gCO₂eq/kWh) em tempo real e histórica + preços wholesale + carga + fluxos transfronteiriços para 73 países e regiões globais.

🔓 ZERO chaves de API. Fontes 100% públicas: Fraunhofer (Europa), EIA-930 (EUA), NESO (UK), ONS (Brasil).

v2.0 — Cobertura expandida

Europa:       30 → 35 países (+Cyprus, Bosnia, Kosovo, Moldova, Georgia)
EUA:          10 → 34 BAs (+todo o oeste, sudeste, federais)
Reino Unido:  GB (mantido)
Brasil:       4 submercados SIN (mantido)
─────────────────────────────────────────────
TOTAL:        45 → 73 regiões (+62% cobertura)

Atribuição

Dados:

• Fraunhofer Energy-Charts (Europa) — CC BY 4.0
• EIA Hourly Electric Grid Monitor (EUA) — domínio público
• NESO Carbon Intensity API (UK) — CC BY 4.0
• ONS Dados Abertos (Brasil) — CC BY

Metodologia: IPCC AR6 (WG3, Annex III) + ECON-PowerCI (Nature Scientific Data 2025).

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🛠️ Local development

pip install -r requirements.txt
python carga_inicial.py --mode latest --hours 24

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🔄 Schedule

Apify scheduler can run this actor every hour. Output is idempotent by (country, timestamp, method).

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Built by Jenko Systems.