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NOAA GHCN-Monthly Average Temperature

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from $13.40 / 1,000 station-year temperature records

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NOAA GHCN-Monthly Average Temperature

NOAA GHCN-Monthly Average Temperature

Structured monthly average-temperature (TAVG) station-year records from the U.S.

Pricing

from $13.40 / 1,000 station-year temperature records

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NexGen Watch

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🔔 NOAA GHCN-Monthly Average Temperature

Structured monthly average-temperature (TAVG) station-year records from the U.S. NOAA/NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN-M) v4, read directly from the official public bulk directory (www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v4/, the ghcnm.tavg.latest.qcu bundle). One record per station-year row of the GHCN-M .dat file, carried source-native and verbatim — the 12 monthly values and their per-month DMFLAG / QCFLAG / DSFLAG exactly as NOAA publishes them. The record key is station_id + year.

Output is one station_year_temperature_record row per result; billing is pay-per-event, the value event being one station-year temperature record (a $0.02 start fee per run, then $0.02 per station-year temperature record). Source: www.ncei.noaa.gov.

No login, no API key and no CAPTCHA solving are involved: the source is read logged-out with an identified contact User-Agent.

📊 Sample Output

NOAA GHCN-Monthly Average Temperature sample output — a table of real station-year temperature record rows (station_id, country_code, country_name, latitude) from run MVnBeamRmxUZDWRWS on build 0.1.5

Real rows from run MVnBeamRmxUZDWRWS on build 0.1.5 (2026-09-19), the same input as the Quick start below — every value is as the source published it (emails masked, long text shortened):

station_idcountry_codecountry_namelatitudelongitudestation_name
AR000000011ARArgentina-30.2670-57.6500MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
AR000000011ARArgentina-30.2670-57.6500MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
AR000000011ARArgentina-30.2670-57.6500MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
AR000000011ARArgentina-30.2670-57.6500MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
AR000000011ARArgentina-30.2670-57.6500MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
AR000000011ARArgentina-30.2670-57.6500MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
AR000000011ARArgentina-30.2670-57.6500MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
AR000000011ARArgentina-30.2670-57.6500MONTE_CASEROS_AERO

The run finished with the status message: NORMAL: 50 unique rows (0 duplicates collapsed) from ghcnm.tavg.v4.0.1.20260917.qcu.dat. billable=50

✅ What you get

Each row is flat JSON with these fields (from the dataset schema and the sample run; a field the source does not publish for a given row is null):

  • record_type (string/null) — e.g. station_year_temperature_record
  • station_id (string/null) — e.g. AR000000011
  • country_code (string/null) — e.g. AR
  • country_name (string/null) — e.g. Argentina
  • year (string/null) — e.g. 1961
  • element (string/null) — e.g. TAVG
  • latitude (string/null) — e.g. -30.2670
  • longitude (string/null) — e.g. -57.6500
  • elevation (string/null) — e.g. 53.0
  • station_name (string/null) — e.g. MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
  • m01_value (string/null) — e.g. 2720
  • m01_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m01_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m01_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m01_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m02_value (string/null) — e.g. 2450
  • m02_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m02_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m02_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m02_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m03_value (string/null) — e.g. 2200
  • m03_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m03_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m03_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m03_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m04_value (string/null) — e.g. 1820
  • m04_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m04_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m04_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m04_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m05_value (string/null) — e.g. 1770
  • m05_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m05_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m05_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m05_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m06_value (string/null) — e.g. 1370
  • m06_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m06_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m06_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m06_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m07_value (string/null) — e.g. 1330
  • m07_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m07_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m07_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m07_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m08_value (string/null) — e.g. 1720
  • m08_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m08_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m08_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m08_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m09_value (string/null) — e.g. 1660
  • m09_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m09_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m09_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m09_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m10_value (string/null) — e.g. 2100
  • m10_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m10_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m10_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m10_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m11_value (string/null) — e.g. 2290
  • m11_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m11_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m11_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m11_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m12_value (string/null) — e.g. 2440
  • m12_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m12_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m12_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m12_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • provenance (string/null) — e.g. NOAA/NCEI GHCN-Monthly v4 (.dat), station-year row; values and QC flags carried
  • derived_data_note (string/null) — e.g. QCU = quality-controlled UNADJUSTED; raw monthly values and per-month DMFLAG/QCF
  • source_url (string/null) — e.g. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v4/ghcnm.tavg.latest.qcu.tar.gz
  • record_key (string/null) — e.g. AR000000011|1961|TAVG
  • source (string/null) — e.g. noaa-ghcn-monthly-temperature
  • release_date (string/null) — e.g. ghcnm.tavg.v4.0.1.20260917.qcu.dat
  • observed_at (string/null) — e.g. 2026-09-19T04:51:38Z
  • license (string/null) — e.g. U.S. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Historic
  • attribution (string/null) — e.g. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) — GHCN-Monthly v4 (ht
  • release_checksum (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • terminal (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • scope (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • note (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • reported_total (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row
  • raw_seen (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row
  • duplicates (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row
  • unique_found (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row
  • delivered (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row

✅ What you get

  • record_type (string/null) — e.g. station_year_temperature_record
  • station_id (string/null) — e.g. AR000000011
  • country_code (string/null) — e.g. AR
  • country_name (string/null) — e.g. Argentina
  • year (string/null) — e.g. 1961
  • element (string/null) — e.g. TAVG
  • latitude (string/null) — e.g. -30.2670
  • longitude (string/null) — e.g. -57.6500
  • elevation (string/null) — e.g. 53.0
  • station_name (string/null) — e.g. MONTE_CASEROS_AERO
  • m01_value (string/null) — e.g. 2720
  • m01_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m01_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m01_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m01_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m02_value (string/null) — e.g. 2450
  • m02_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m02_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m02_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m02_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m03_value (string/null) — e.g. 2200
  • m03_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m03_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m03_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m03_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m04_value (string/null) — e.g. 1820
  • m04_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m04_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m04_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m04_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m05_value (string/null) — e.g. 1770
  • m05_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m05_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m05_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m05_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m06_value (string/null) — e.g. 1370
  • m06_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m06_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m06_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m06_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m07_value (string/null) — e.g. 1330
  • m07_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m07_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m07_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m07_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m08_value (string/null) — e.g. 1720
  • m08_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m08_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m08_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m08_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m09_value (string/null) — e.g. 1660
  • m09_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m09_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m09_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m09_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m10_value (string/null) — e.g. 2100
  • m10_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m10_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m10_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m10_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m11_value (string/null) — e.g. 2290
  • m11_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m11_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m11_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m11_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • m12_value (string/null) — e.g. 2440
  • m12_dmflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m12_qcflag (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • m12_dsflag (string/null) — e.g. {
  • m12_missing (boolean/null) — e.g. False
  • provenance (string/null) — e.g. NOAA/NCEI GHCN-Monthly v4 (.dat), station-year row; values and QC flags carried
  • derived_data_note (string/null) — e.g. QCU = quality-controlled UNADJUSTED; raw monthly values and per-month DMFLAG/QCF
  • source_url (string/null) — e.g. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v4/ghcnm.tavg.latest.qcu.tar.gz
  • record_key (string/null) — e.g. AR000000011|1961|TAVG
  • source (string/null) — e.g. noaa-ghcn-monthly-temperature
  • release_date (string/null) — e.g. ghcnm.tavg.v4.0.1.20260917.qcu.dat
  • observed_at (string/null) — e.g. 2026-09-19T04:26:26Z
  • license (string/null) — e.g. U.S. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Historic
  • attribution (string/null) — e.g. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) — GHCN-Monthly v4 (ht
  • release_checksum (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • terminal (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • scope (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • note (string/null) — null in every sample row
  • reported_total (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row
  • raw_seen (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row
  • duplicates (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row
  • unique_found (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row
  • delivered (string/integer/null) — null in every sample row

What you get

One station_year_temperature_record per .dat line: station_id, country_code + country_name (resolved from the station-ID prefix via ghcnm-countries.txt), station geography (latitude, longitude, elevation, station_name — enriched from the bundle's .inv inventory), year, element (TAVG), and for each month m01…m12: m##_value, m##_dmflag, m##_qcflag, m##_dsflag, m##_missing. Plus provenance, derived_data_note, source_url, record_key. An element canary (TAVG) fails loud on bundle drift.

⚙️ Sample inputs

1. Quick start — the Store example (this is what the sample above came from)

{
"countries": [
"AR"
],
"maxRecords": 50
}

The sample run charged exactly: 2 × $0.02 apify-actor-start + 50 × $0.02 station_year_temperature_record = $1.04 on the Free tier — every delivered row was billed.

2. A smaller, narrowed run

{
"countries": [
"AR"
],
"maxRecords": 5
}

Caps the run at 5 rows — about $0.12 on the Free tier ($0.02 start + 5 × $0.02).

3. A full-size run

{
"countries": [
"AR"
],
"maxRecords": 2000
}

Up to 2000 rows (the schema default for maxRecords) — about $40.02 on the Free tier ($0.02 start + 2000 × $0.02) if the source has that many.

4. A filtered run

{
"countries": [
"AR"
],
"maxRecords": 50,
"fieldMatch": {
"country_name": "Argentina"
}
}

Keeps only rows whose country_name contains Argentina (a value from the sample run above), matched case-insensitively after the source is read and before the maxRecords cap, so the cap counts matches and only delivered matches are billed. searchText does the same across every column. Zero matches end the run as EMPTY_SELECTION with no row charged — if the source has moved on since that sample run, pick a value you see in your own first run. The source is still read in full — this narrows what you receive and pay for, not what the source serves.

🧾 JSON sample record

One real record from run MVnBeamRmxUZDWRWS, exactly as it lands in the dataset (emails masked, long text shortened):

{
"record_type": "station_year_temperature_record",
"station_id": "AR000000011",
"country_code": "AR",
"country_name": "Argentina",
"year": "1961",
"element": "TAVG",
"latitude": "-30.2670",
"longitude": "-57.6500",
"elevation": "53.0",
"station_name": "MONTE_CASEROS_AERO",
"m01_value": "2720",
"m01_dmflag": null,
"m01_qcflag": null,
"m01_dsflag": "{",
"m01_missing": false,
"m02_value": "2450",
"m02_dmflag": null,
"m02_qcflag": null,
"m02_dsflag": "{",
"m02_missing": false,
"m03_value": "2200",
"m03_dmflag": null,
"m03_qcflag": null,
"m03_dsflag": "{",
"m03_missing": false,
"m04_value": "1820",
"m04_dmflag": null,
"m04_qcflag": null,
"m04_dsflag": "{",
"m04_missing": false,
"m05_value": "1770",
"m05_dmflag": null,
"m05_qcflag": null,
"m05_dsflag": "{",
"m05_missing": false,
"m06_value": "1370",
"m06_dmflag": null,
"m06_qcflag": null,
"m06_dsflag": "{",
"m06_missing": false,
"m07_value": "1330",
"m07_dmflag": null,
"m07_qcflag": null,
"m07_dsflag": "{",
"m07_missing": false,
"m08_value": "1720",
"m08_dmflag": null,
"m08_qcflag": null,
"m08_dsflag": "{",
"m08_missing": false,
"m09_value": "1660",
"m09_dmflag": null,
"m09_qcflag": null,
"m09_dsflag": "{",
"m09_missing": false,
"m10_value": "2100",
"m10_dmflag": null,
"m10_qcflag": null,
"m10_dsflag": "{",
"m10_missing": false,
"m11_value": "2290",
"m11_dmflag": null,
"m11_qcflag": null,
"m11_dsflag": "{",
"m11_missing": false,
"m12_value": "2440",
"m12_dmflag": null,
"m12_qcflag": null,
"m12_dsflag": "{",
"m12_missing": false,
"provenance": "NOAA/NCEI GHCN-Monthly v4 (.dat), station-year row; values and QC flags carried source-native and unmodified",
"derived_data_note": "QCU = quality-controlled UNADJUSTED; raw monthly values and per-month DMFLAG/QCFLAG/DSFLAG are carried VERBATIM. This actor NEVER computes a trend, anomaly, normal, homogenization/bias adjustment or forecast, and never bills a derived clima",
"source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v4/ghcnm.tavg.latest.qcu.tar.gz",
"record_key": "AR000000011|1961|TAVG",
"source": "noaa-ghcn-monthly-temperature",
"release_date": "ghcnm.tavg.v4.0.1.20260917.qcu.dat",
"observed_at": "2026-09-19T04:51:38Z",
"license": "U.S. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN-M) v4 — U.S. Government work, public domain. Acknowledgement: data from NOAA/NCEI. No implied NOAA endorsement. Raw value",
"attribution": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) — GHCN-Monthly v4 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v4/)"
}

🔧 How it works

Source. The actor reads www.ncei.noaa.gov — endpoints: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v4/. Public pages and feeds only; nothing behind a login.

Transport. Plain HTTPS from the Apify platform, no proxy. robots.txt is read first and a disallowed path is never fetched. Every request carries an identified contact User-Agent. Pacing: CRAWL_DELAY=0.0.

Terminal states. A run ends NORMAL, CAPPED (your cap was reached), PARTIAL (something was withheld and the message says what), GENUINE_EMPTY (the source was read and truly had nothing in scope) or BLOCKED (the source refused or changed shape — the run FAILS loud and bills nothing). A zero-row run is never reported as a silent success.

Charging. Each station-year temperature record is charged at the moment it is pushed (station_year_temperature_record); a row that fails to charge is not delivered, so the dataset count always equals the charged count.

🔧 How it works

QCU = quality-controlled UNADJUSTED — no derived climate figures

This actor serves the QCU (unadjusted) bundle and carries the raw monthly values and QC flags exactly as published. It never computes a trend, anomaly, normal, homogenization/bias adjustment, or forecast, and never bills a derived climate figure as source data. A derived_data_note states this on every record. Missing months (source value -9999) are carried verbatim and flagged (m##_missing), never fabricated.

Filters (source monster — 1,495,274 station-year lines)

The .dat file is never emitted in full. Supply at least one narrowing filter — stationIds, countries, years, yearFrom, or yearTo. A conservative default cap (2000; hard cap 5000) applies, and a maxScanRows bound protects the run. Note: the file is sorted by station ID, so late-alphabet countries (e.g. US) sit deep in the file — raise maxScanRows to reach them.

Robots & door

www.ncei.noaa.gov/robots.txt disallows /data* and /orders*. This actor fetches only under /pub/data/ (which is not under /data* and is permitted) and never anything else. Robots is re-read every run and the actor STOPs (fails, charges nothing) on any real Disallow covering the path. NOAA/NCEI acknowledgement; no implied NOAA endorsement.

Source & licence

U.S. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), GHCN-Monthly v4 — U.S. Government work, public domain. Acknowledgement: data from NOAA/NCEI (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v4/).

What is not done. No login, no cookie or CAPTCHA bypass, no private or personal-account data, no browser automation.

💰 Pricing example

EventFreeBronzeSilverGold
Actor Start (apify-actor-start)$0.02$0.02$0.02$0.02
Station-year temperature record (station_year_temperature_record)$0.02$0.018$0.016$0.0134

Worked at the live Free-tier price:

  • 8 station-year temperature records: $0.02 start + 8 × $0.02 = $0.18
  • 25 station-year temperature records: $0.02 start + 25 × $0.02 = $0.52
  • 2000 station-year temperature records: $0.02 start + 2000 × $0.02 = $40.02

A run that delivers zero rows charges the $0.02 start fee only. A BLOCKED run (source refused) fails loud and charges no value event. The start fee is charged once per GB of run memory; the default run memory is 4096 MB.

Yield on the sample run: NORMAL: 50 unique rows (0 duplicates collapsed) from ghcnm.tavg.v4.0.1.20260917.qcu.dat. billable=50. maxRecords is a hard ceiling on what is delivered and billed, never a target.

This actor reads public, logged-out pages and feeds published by www.ncei.noaa.gov. It collects only what the source publishes to any visitor, keeps to the source's robots rules (checked on every run), identifies itself with a contact User-Agent, and does not access accounts, private data or anything behind authentication. Use the output in line with the source's terms and your local law; the intended use is B2B research and monitoring.

❓ FAQ

Q: Do I need an API key or a login?
A: No. The source (www.ncei.noaa.gov) is read logged-out; the input schema has no key field and the actor carries no secrets.

Q: Why did my run return 0 rows?
A: Read the run's status message. GENUINE_EMPTY means the source was read and had nothing in scope for your input; BLOCKED means the source refused and the run failed without billing a value event — retry later or narrow the input. A zero-row run bills the start fee only.

Q: How many rows can one run return?
A: Up to maxRecords (default 2000). Raise the cap for a bigger run; you pay per delivered row.

Q: How fresh is the data?
A: Every run reads the source live at run time; nothing is cached between runs. Put it on a schedule for a continuous feed.

Q: What formats can I export?
A: The dataset downloads as JSON, CSV, Excel, XML or RSS from the run's Dataset tab or the Apify API, and any run can push to a webhook or integration.

Q: How is this different from the other NexGen Watch actors actors?
A: Same output shape and billing model; this one covers www.ncei.noaa.gov. The siblings under Related Actors cover the other sources or slices — run several on one schedule for a combined feed.

Q: Are there rate limits?
A: The actor paces itself against the source (CRAWL_DELAY=0.0) and honours its robots rules; there is no per-buyer limit beyond your Apify plan's concurrency.

🆘 Troubleshooting

  • Run FAILED with BLOCKED → the source refused the request or changed its page shape → nothing was billed beyond the start fee; retry after a while, and if it persists open an Issue with the run id.
  • Status says CAPPED → your cap (maxRecords) was reached → raise it for a bigger run.
  • Input validation error on start → a field is outside the schema's allowed values → start from the Quick start block and change one field at a time.
  • Run TIMED-OUT → a very wide request on a slow day → raise the run timeout in Run options or narrow the input; what was delivered before the timeout is still in the dataset.
  • Netherlands ANBI Register — One structured anbi_record per ANBI decision from the Netherlands Tax Administration's official weekly open-data file — keyless, logged-out, CC0
  • Netherlands ANBI Status Check — One anbi_status_check verdict per queried body — resolve an RSIN or organisation name against the current official Belastingdienst ANBI file, keyless…
  • NOAA GHCN-Daily Observations — Structured daily climate observations from the U.S. NOAA/NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily (GHCN-Daily), read directly from the offi…
  • NOAA ISD Hourly Surface Observations — Structured hourly surface weather observations from the U.S. NOAA/NCEI Integrated Surface Database (ISD), read directly from the official public bulk…
  • NOAA Storm Damage & Impact Feed — A deterministic impact subset of the U.S. NOAA/NCEI Storm Events Database details file — only storm events with a published impact are emitted
  • NOAA Storm Events Database Scraper — Scrape the NOAA Storm Events Database: event type, location, date, damage and casualties. One record per result. Pay per result
  • 🏢 About NexGenData — NexGen Watch is NexGenData's fleet of more than 300 public data actors built on official sources, pay-per-result. Browse the catalog at apify.com/nexgenwatch.

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